猫咪社区

This article originally appeared in and is published here with permission.

As a child growing up in Los Angeles, Erynn Castellanos would spend hours exploring her grandmother鈥檚 backyard garden, an oasis of greenery filled with oranges, sugarcane, yerba buena, guava, and herbs.

鈥淧laying with my brother and cousins in my grandmother鈥檚 backyard, climbing the trees, and trying different fruits鈥攖hose experiences made me appreciate natural spaces,鈥� she says. 鈥淚 think that is where I got my sense of exploration, of wanting to go to forests, mountains, and rivers.鈥�

Now a graduate student of environmental studies at the University of Montana and an active member of the environmental organization , Castellanos is passionate about educating young people of color about the importance of connecting with nature, hoping to inspire them to help protect the environment.

鈥淢ost of the people in camping advertisements are White people. You don鈥檛 see people like yourself in the field of conservation,鈥� she says. 鈥淚t is always this distant figure of someone else doing it, but not someone who looks like you.鈥�

Castellanos鈥� perception that people of color are underrepresented in the environmental movement is accurate. Even though communities of color are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards, the environmental workforce remains overwhelmingly White.

As efforts grow around the U.S. to recognize and eradicate systemic racism, people of color can offer unique perspectives on both why and .

Underrepresented

In 2014, Dorceta Taylor, a professor of environmental justice and food systems and the director of diversity, equity, and inclusion at the University of Michigan鈥檚 School for Environment and Sustainability, published a landmark of racial diversity in green NGOs, government agencies, and foundations. She reported that 16% or fewer of staff in these organizations were people of color and less than 12% occupied leadership positions.

A published in 2019 by Stefanie K. Johnson, associate professor of management at the Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, reviewed 40 green NGOs and foundations and found that green organizations were still overwhelmingly White, with only 20% of NGO staff identifying as people of color. In fact, the study found that from 2017 to 2018, the percent of senior staff positions at green foundations held by people of color fell from 33% to 4%.

And a by Media Matters for America found that people of color made up only 10% of people interviewed or featured in media coverage on climate change.

Root Causes

What鈥檚 behind the lack of proportional representation of communities of color in the environmental workforce?

Peggy Shepard, co-founder and director of , a nonprofit organization that mobilizes underrepresented communities around environmental justice education, energy efficiency, toxins in consumer products, climate justice, clean air, and more, says it鈥檚 part of a far larger societal malaise. WE ACT also engages in policy advocacy at the city, state, and federal levels.

鈥淚 see the fight for environmental justice, housing justice, Black Lives Matter, prison reform鈥攁ll of those are linked by the underlying systemic racism that really mandates that we have organizations to safeguard our lives from the police, and to safeguard our environment,鈥� she says. 鈥淎ll of those issues that are about protecting rights, and justice is what really links us all.鈥�

Castellanos says that, in addition to not seeing people like them already engaged, some members of the view environmental problems as less pressing than other issues. 鈥淚mmigration is No. 1, with people being detained,鈥� she says. 鈥淗ow can you tell your students to care about the environment when they are afraid that their parents won鈥檛 be home?鈥�

Virginia Palacios, a climate change consultant for , says that people of color may have fewer opportunities to engage in environment-oriented activities that require financial resources when they are growing up, such as summer camps. As a result, they may not have a background that predisposes them to moving into green careers or being active in environmental groups.

鈥淧eople who are low income are more likely to be people of color,鈥� Palacios says. 鈥淲hen you are coming from that background, you are not going to have the same opportunities as a person who is more affluent had in their life. You might not have been able to go to the summer camp that prepared you to go to college. You probably didn鈥檛 get to do all the extra stuff that people use to stack up their resume.鈥�

One of the findings in Taylor鈥檚 2014 report was that in addition to overt discrimination, unconscious bias often perpetuates workplaces that lack diversity in hiring and promotion practices.

鈥淗omogeneous workplaces arise because of adherence to particular cultural norms, filtering, network structure, and recruitment practices. These are forms of unconscious or inadvertent biases that can lead to or perpetuate institutional homogeneity,鈥� the report states.

Palacios contends that implicit bias often occurs as part of the hiring practices of green groups. 鈥淧eople tend to hire people who look like them or who went to the same schools as they did. Or, they get a good feeling from this person because they are like them.鈥�

Strategies for Change

Palacios says she believes training workshops on implicit bias can be an effective strategy for increasing diversity.

鈥淥rganizations that want to improve diversity have to know that they have unconscious bias. They will have to go through a process of unlearning habits,鈥� she says. 鈥淥ne of the things that has been the most successful in my experience are being able to go through an in-person training with your peers and then being able to have a conversation, to process things verbally. I think unconscious bias trainings are one of the first things that White folks can do to understand how they have been programmed.鈥�

The Environmental Defense Fund has begun such trainings, says senior vice president and chief human resources officer Sean Cook, in addition to other initiatives to promote diversity in the environmental workforce, such as fellowships and partnerships with universities.

鈥淥ne of the initiatives that we have recently undertaken is unconscious-bias training. Last year, we worked with an outside firm called Kaleidoscope to help us roll out this training initiative, which included increasing our knowledge of race and equity, leading inclusively, leveraging differences, and building a diverse team. Individual trainers from Kaleidoscope went to our offices in New York, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Washington, D.C., and trained all managers on these subjects. We began these trainings at the ground level of our organization and went all of the way up to the board of directors,鈥� Cook says.

Cook says the staff gave the conscious inclusion training high marks. In follow-up surveys, 95% agreed or strongly agreed that 鈥渃ultural competence can improve my experience in the work environment,鈥� and 89% agreed or strongly agreed that 鈥渢he material in the session felt relevant to our workplace.鈥�

The defense fund is also working to ensure that during the hiring process, applicants are not judged unfairly based upon their educational background, Cook says. 鈥淲e want to make sure that we are inclusive of all, whether you went to an Ivy League school, whether you were self-educated, whether you attended a community college, a liberal arts school, or a state university.鈥�

Palacios also recommends that organizations create guidelines for the skills that are critical for a job position, and that hiring managers should 鈥渞eally have a rubric in mind of how you are going to be judging the person in front of you. That can help to reduce bias when you are having an interview with someone, so you don鈥檛 ask, 鈥楧id they go to the same school that I did? Did they play the same sports that I did?鈥欌��

Genuine Diversity

Hodan Barreh, a youth environmental advocate passionate about bringing diversity to the environmental movement in her hometown of Austin, Texas鈥攚hich is one of the most economically segregated cities in the country鈥攃autions green groups to avoid tokenization of people of color if they want to bring genuine diversity to the environmental movement.

鈥淭hey bring in that one Latinx person, that one Indigenous person, that one person of color, and they think that鈥檚 enough. They think that one perspective speaks for all of the community,鈥� Barreh says. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 very problematic, because not one person can give you the full perspective of what a community entails.鈥�

Shepard points out that it鈥檚 important to remember that the environmental movement is more than large green groups: It also includes a constellation of community-based groups advocating for environmental justice within their localities. The problem, she says, is that the media and decision-makers are often deaf to their voices.

鈥淲hen elected officials and policymakers want to know about environmental justice, they don鈥檛 necessarily call environmental justice groups, they鈥檒l call [the Natural Resources Defense Council] or Sierra Club,鈥� she says. 鈥淚t鈥檚 the devaluing that we have expertise, that we鈥檙e knowledgeable about our own issues and about the places where we are living.鈥�