猫咪社区

Devon Parfait鈥檚 earliest memories are of the Louisiana bayou. He spent countless hours on his grandfather Pierre鈥檚 shrimping boat, hauling up freshly baited traps and hearing old family stories. His family, part of the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw tribe, had lived off the water for generations.

But those days came to an abrupt end in 2005 when Hurricane Rita tore through Dulac, Louisiana, destroying his family鈥檚 residence along with nearly in Terrebonne Parish. Pierre鈥檚 boat was split in two. 

Parfait and his family left Dulac, along with many members of the community, and Parfait, who was 8 years old at the time, spent the rest of his childhood shuttling between southern Louisiana and eastern Texas. He attended four different schools in the span of eight years. 

Now 25, Parfait is helping his community navigate a future made uncertain by climate change. Last year he became chief of the 1,100-member Grand Caillou/Dulac Band of the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw tribe. 

鈥淚 always knew I wanted to work on behalf of my people,鈥� Parfait says. He was chosen to be chief when he was 12 years old, after showing what former chief Shirell Parfait-Dardar (a distant cousin) described as a persistent interest in preserving tribal customs and helping the community. 鈥淗aving the title of future chief has guided me throughout my life, helping me to make decisions so that I would be prepared to be a leader in our future community.鈥� 

Parfait lives in Marrero, about an hour from Dulac. As chief, he represents his tribe in negotiations with local and state governments, works with elders to organize community events, and leads outreach to other tribes. When he鈥檚 not attending to those duties, he鈥檚 working as a coastal resilience at the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). There, he researches technical solutions to land loss, like sediment diversions and shoreline protection, and organizes with other regional advocacy groups. It鈥檚 a combination he describes as a 鈥渄ream role.鈥�

鈥淵ou don鈥檛 get a salary as chief,鈥� he says. 鈥淸This way], I can do my as chief supporting my community while also making sure I can afford to live.鈥� 

In the 18 years since , coastal erosion hundreds of square miles of southern Louisiana. Today, only about 800 people live in Dulac, down from 2,500 in 2000, and the only remaining grocery store is a Dollar Tree. 

鈥淎ll the time I hear from people that they want to leave, because of Dulac鈥檚 economy and cost of living,鈥� Parfait says, adding that flood insurance is a major expense for most residents around Louisiana鈥檚 low-lying areas. 鈥淓ven with all my luck, I still struggle, so what about everyone else?鈥�

Losing Land

Indigenous groups across the country face existential threats due to climate change. In 2016, residents of Isle de Jean Charles, about 10 miles east of Dulac, became known as the nation鈥檚 first 鈥溾�� after they received a $48 million federal grant to relocate inland. Most residents there belong to another branch of the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw tribe. 

The relocation efforts, also known as managed retreat, were marred by accusations that the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which oversaw the process, and failed to reunify the community.

鈥淏ureaucratic exclusion is just the latest challenge,鈥� Parfait says, noting that the government breaking deals with tribes is 鈥渘othing new. That鈥檚 why we need to keep organizing.鈥� 

In 2021, Congress approved $130 million to help more tribes relocate. But the Grand Caillou/Dulac Band, though of Louisiana, is by the federal government, despite the band鈥檚 repeated applications for recognition.

That means Parfait鈥檚 community cannot access federal relocation or recovery aid, funds for tribal climate mitigation projects, or even from the Deepwater Horizon and BP oil-spill settlements (the latter still the lion鈥檚 share of Louisiana鈥檚 environmental ). Instead, each household is left to apply for assistance on its own. 

Consequently, many families鈥攊ncluding Parfait鈥檚鈥� the funds they need to rebuild. 鈥淲e need direct interaction with FEMA, just like other tribal and community leaders, if we are going to coordinate repairs and crisis response effectively and at scale,鈥� Parfait says. 

Long-Standing Inequities

Indigenous groups in the United States have lost more than 99% of their historical land, according to published in Science in 2021. When those groups were dispossessed of their land, they were typically pushed to less desirable land that today is more vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

From witnessing Dulac鈥檚 decline and hearing stories from his grandfather and other fishermen, Parfait had always sensed that his community was losing land more quickly than its non-Indigenous neighbors. In 2022, when he was a senior at Williams College, he set out to prove it. 

By studying satellite imagery of southern Louisiana, he that majority-Indigenous communities around the Grand Caillou and Dulac area were losing land at more than twice the rate of the rest of the state. 

鈥淓rasure of tribal knowledge is a constant fight,鈥� Parfait says. 鈥淵ou need to frame issues in ways that force decision-makers to pay attention. To produce something communities can use to advocate around land loss was really powerful to me,鈥� Parfait says. 鈥淚f we don鈥檛, nobody will.鈥� 

As a coastal resilience analyst, Parfait advocates for to land erosion, like canal-filling, which he describes as a way to let the land heal naturally. He says these practices won’t be enough to stop coastal erosion in its tracks, but they 鈥渃an help to buy us incredibly valuable time.鈥�

Coordinating Community

For Parfait, one of the most painful aspects of his family鈥檚 displacement was feeling disconnected from his tribe. He never learned to speak the language (a of Indigenous and Creole-influenced ), and his grades faltered as he struggled with . 

As chief, he wants to help the next generation feel connected to their traditions鈥攅ven if many relocate away from the coast. 

When damage from Hurricane Ida in 2021 made it difficult for Dulac facilities to host the band鈥檚 annual powwow celebration, Parfait partnered with members of the nearby Houma tribe to organize a joint ceremony. Today he leads marsh field trips for younger members of the tribe to teach them the science behind coastal erosion and frequently offers tours of the bayou to potential advocates, hosting visitors in his family鈥檚 home over jambalaya.

He communicates regularly with other tribes across the country who also face displacement. 鈥淚n some ways things seem bleak, if you just look at the situation between us and the government,鈥� he says, referring to mistrust stemming from the Isle de Jean Charles relocation efforts and his tribe鈥檚 lack of federal recognition. 鈥淏ut there鈥檚 a lot we are doing to educate our own community members, with other tribes in Alaska and Hawaii, and find collaborative ways forward.鈥� 

Parfait鈥檚 day job with EDF also gives him some hope and a sense of agency. He鈥檚 currently a methodology to make it easier to fill in canals across the state, something he said will be crucial to slowing coastal erosion. 

鈥淲hile I would like to put unlimited time and effort into saving these lands, I also know there鈥檚 a good possibility that they will be gone anyway,鈥� he says. 鈥淪o we need a plan to be able to relocate together in a way that preserves our culture, heritage, and families.鈥�

This story was originally published in , an editorially independent, nonprofit news service covering climate change. Follow .