Black Voters Know Climate Justice Is Racial Justice

It鈥檚 not only been a summer season (now autumn) of a deadly pandemic, toxic politics, and social unrest, but the nation has been rocked by a nonstop series of environmental calamities triggered by the human-pressed climate crisis. Hurricane Sally was a destructive slow-moving mix of high winds and epic flooding battering the Gulf Coast and other parts of the South. That was after Hurricane Laura and ahead of an unprecedented number of cyclones forming in the Atlantic for what鈥檚 building up into one of the most active鈥攊f not the most active鈥攈urricane season on record.

The entire West Coast is either, literally, on fire or under a blanket of choking smoke from said fire. This summer was the fourth hottest on record, with nights no longer cooler and city neighborhoods burning up because of little shade, too little tree canopy, and still lots of pollution. Meanwhile, glaciers the size of whole states are rapidly melting in the global poles, raising sea levels and destabilizing weather patterns.

When these climate catastrophes strike in the United States, the nation鈥檚 Black people are hit the hardest鈥攚hile lacking the resources and social mobility to confront them. More than a quarter of the Black population in the U.S. live in the Gulf Coast states constantly hit by hurricanes, not to mention the large concentrations of Black communities in other East Coast states hit by massive flooding. They鈥檙e also living in 鈥渦rban heat island鈥� spaces that are up to 20 degrees warmer than normal, making them twice as likely to than Whites.

Exposure to bad air and water quality are rampant in Black communities that are daily punished by environmental injustice by ZIP code. We鈥檒l become more aware of this as fires throughout places such as California and Oregon, for example, reveal high rates of permanent respiratory illnesses among Black people, especially those who do not have the economic means to move away from those areas.

This is all aggravated by an unmitigated blend of systematically racist designs and generations of redlined public policy. The coronavirus pandemic, which has disproportionately affected and killed so many Black people in the U.S., is one monstrous byproduct of the racist geographic burdens placed on Black communities. As researchers J.T. Roane and Justin Hosbey noted in their study , 鈥� 鈥� the ongoing reality [is] that Black communities鈥� in the African diaspora are most susceptible to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, subsidence, sinking land, as well as the ongoing effects of toxic stewardship.鈥�

Black voters could in many ways be the decisive eco-voters of the most high stakes election in American history.

With Black people clearly on the front lines of climate crisis and environmental disaster (as victims and forced resistance fighters), it would seem natural for Black voters in the 2020 election to view the environment as a top issue. Indeed, Black voters could in many ways be the decisive eco-voters of the most high stakes election in American history鈥攑articularly as we consider the current Trump administration鈥檚 zealous hostility to and aggressive dismantling of environmental protections.

This election will decide the fate of the planet and human civilization because the outcome will decide the direction of policy to fix the damage done to our collective home. Environmental issues, in fact, seem to permeate as key context throughout every major racial injustice highlighted this past summer: The diabolical gentrification plans of real estate companies ended up murdering Breonna Taylor in Louisville, Kentucky, because police were being used to methodically push out low income Black residents for . And the redlining legacies in Minneapolis, and Kenosha, Wisconsin, eventually led to the death of George Floyd and the paralyzing of Jacob Blake. Behind every headlining viral act of open racism is an intersection of environmental injustice. Will Black voters be making those connections as they mail ballots or show up at polling places?

It鈥檚 not clear at the moment. A recent survey found 33% of Black voters (by far the highest of other groups polled) were not sure whether 鈥渢he world is becoming warmer as a result of human activity,鈥� but a higher percentage (47%) believed that the severity of recent hurricanes and wildfire is increasing. Yet, Black voters were also the most likely to say (75%)鈥攐ut of all demographics鈥攖hat climate change and the environment were either 鈥渧ery鈥� or 鈥渟omewhat important.鈥� Interestingly enough, an August 2019 poll from Quinnipiac found Black voters split on whether it was an emergency, with it was not. But, in the recent YouGov poll, that issue ranked 5^th among Black voters (at 8%) out of the 10 most important issues, with health care at the top (35%).

With polling of Black potential or eligible voters notoriously incomplete (since political polling firms are overwhelmingly led by White men), it鈥檚 hard to determine the size of the Black eco-electorate: or rather, that portion of the Black voting community that is mobilized by environmental issues, including climate change and pollution. What we do know is that Black people, generally speaking (and based on the polling data we have to work with), have an enormous amount of situational awareness on these subjects. Of course, it bothers them: as a Yale Program on Climate Communication 鈥溾€� Hispanics/Latinos (69%) and African Americans (57%) are more likely to be Alarmed or Concerned about global warming than are Whites (49%). In contrast, Whites are more likely to be Doubtful or Dismissive (27%) than are Hispanics/Latinos (11%) or African Americans (12%).鈥�

Research suggests that people of color may be more concerned than Whites about climate change.

The issue, however, is around mobilization. Is this a key issue prompting outrage and a related rush to the polls among Black voters? Are large segments of the Black electorate moved by issues around the climate crisis, toxic air, and water, or demanding dramatic policy changes such as clean energy infrastructure and the expansion of a 鈥済reen economy鈥� that creates jobs and Black startups? The recent Yale survey shows 36% of Black respondents willing to 鈥�join a campaign鈥� to address climate change (versus 37% of Latinos and just 22% of Whites).

When asked whether these issues would significantly influence their decision in the 2020 election, 60% of Black voters surveyed ranked 鈥�environmental protection鈥� as their 11^th top issue out of 29 top issues listed and 53% ranked 鈥�global warming鈥� as their 16^th top issue. That鈥檚 impressive compared to just 44% and 35% of Whites, respectively, on the same issues.

鈥淩esearch suggests that people of color may be more concerned than Whites about climate change because they are often and extreme weather events,鈥� reported the study. 鈥淥ne particularly important example is that people of color are more likely than Whites to be exposed to. Inequitable exposure to environmental problems such as this may also explain, at least in part, why Hispanics/Latinos and African Americans report greater intentions to engage in climate activism.鈥�

What we鈥檙e seeing in the Yale survey (which was conducted in 2019 before the pandemic hit) is that Black voters are, potentially, more activable on environmental health and climate crisis than White voters. Yet, the mainstream news, discourse, and protest around eco-issues is steadily focused on White concerns and White conversation. Even during the early months of the pandemic鈥攁s necessary stay-at-home lockdowns placed major burdens on vulnerable Black families and households confined to smaller spaces and densely populated locations that increased risks of infection鈥攎ainstream local news and cable coverage too often focused on the comparably minor inconveniences faced by White middle class families. We typically hear little, if at all, about Black household or neighborhood burdens when climate disasters such as hurricanes at the Gulf Coast and wildfires consuming the West Coast take place.

Yet, Black people do understand that they are prime targets of zoning and redlining decisions that push them into pollution zones, and they know their families are suffering from high rates of chronic illnesses such as asthma and cancers that are directly correlated to pollution and climate change impacts. They also understand, such as the case with Hurricane Katrina in 2005, that they frequently find themselves the least unprepared for and most economically displaced by climatic disasters.

Black communities also, instinctively, realize that as the climate crisis intensifies, the racism of scarce resources and space will get worse. But, as a July focus group survey by Third Way of Black communities in Detroit, Philadelphia, and Greensboro 鈥溾€�. even though they鈥檙e concerned about the environment worsening around them, Black Americans aren鈥檛 necessarily counting climate change among their top priorities鈥攁nd they鈥檙e not hearing people speak to them on the issue in a manner that resonates.鈥� Environmental advocacy movements often express frustration over the public鈥檚 inability to put electoral pressure on policymakers about issues such as climate change. Maybe it鈥檚 because they鈥檙e not really talking to Black voters about it 鈥� or investing the time and money it takes to do just that.

This story originally appeared in and is republished here as part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration strengthening coverage of the climate story.

Charles Ellison is the managing editor for聽ecoWURD.com聽and host of Reality Check on WURD Radio, the only independent Black-owned talk radio station in Pennsylvania. Listen to WURD Radio in Philadelphia on 96.1FM or 900am. Listen globally at聽wurdradio.com聽or on the WURD App. Learn more about WURD Radio鈥檚 environmental justice initiative which explores the intersection of race, income, and the environment at聽ecowurd.com.